前言
MySQL5.5版本开始引入了MDL锁用来保护元数据信息，让MySQL能够在并发环境下多DDL、DML同时操作下保持元数据的一致性。本文用MySQL5.7源码分析了常用SQL语句的MDL加锁实现。
MDL锁粒度
MDL_key由namespace、db_name、name组成。
namespace包含：
GLOBAL。用于global read lock，例如FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK。
TABLESPACE/SCHEMA。用于保护tablespace/schema。
FUNCTION/PROCEDURE/TRIGGER/EVENT。用于保护function/procedure/trigger/event。
COMMIT。主要用于global read lock后，阻塞事务提交。
USER_LEVEL_LOCK。用于user level lock函数的实现，GET_LOCK(str,timeout)， RELEASE_LOCK(str)。
LOCKING_SERVICE。用于locking service的实现。
MDL锁类型
MDL_INTENTION_EXCLUSIVE(IX) 意向排他锁，锁定一个范围，用在GLOBAL/SCHEMA/COMMIT粒度。
MDL_SHARED(S) 用在只访问元数据信息，不访问数据。例如CREATE TABLE t LIKE t1;
MDL_SHARED_HIGH_PRIO(SH) 也是用于只访问元数据信息，但是优先级比排他锁高，用于访问information_schema的表。例如：select * from information_schema.tables;
MDL_SHARED_READ(SR) 访问表结构并且读表数据，例如：SELECT * FROM t1; LOCK TABLE t1 READ LOCAL;
MDL_SHARED_WRITE(SW) 访问表结构且写表数据， 例如：INSERT/DELETE/UPDATE t1 … ;SELECT * FROM t1 FOR UPDATE;LOCK TALE t1 WRITE
MDL_SHARED_WRITE_LOW_PRIO(SWLP) 优先级低于MDL_SHARED_READ_ONLY。语句INSER/DELETE/UPDATE LOW_PRIORITY t1 …; LOCK TABLE t1 WRITE LOW_PRIORITY。
MDL_SHARED_UPGRADABLE(SU) 可升级锁，允许并发update/read表数据。持有该锁可以同时读取表metadata和表数据，但不能修改数据。可以升级到SNW、SNR、X锁。用在alter table的第一阶段，使alter table的时候不阻塞DML，防止其他DDL。
MDL_SHARED_READ_ONLY(SRO) 持有该锁可读取表数据，同时阻塞所有表结构和表数据的修改操作，用于LOCK TABLE t1 READ。
MDL_SHARED_NO_WRITE(SNW) 持有该锁可以读取表metadata和表数据，同时阻塞所有的表数据修改操作，允许读。可以升级到X锁。用在ALTER TABLE第一阶段，拷贝原始表数据到新表，允许读但不允许更新。
MDL_SHARED_NO_READ_WRITE(SNRW) 可升级锁，允许其他连接读取表结构但不可以读取数据，阻塞所有表数据的读写操作，允许INFORMATION_SCHEMA访问和SHOW语句。持有该锁的的连接可以读取表结构，修改和读取表数据。可升级为X锁。使用在LOCK TABLE WRITE语句。
MDL_EXCLUSIVE(X) 排他锁，持有该锁连接可以修改表结构和表数据，使用在CREATE/DROP/RENAME/ALTER TABLE 语句。
MDL锁持有时间
MDL_STATEMENT 语句中持有，语句结束自动释放
MDL_TRANSACTION 事务中持有，事务结束时释放
MDL_EXPLICIT 需要显示释放
MDL锁兼容性
Scope锁活跃锁和请求锁兼容性矩阵如下。
| Type of active |
Request | scoped lock |
type | IS(*) IX S X |
---------+------------------+
IS | + + + + |
IX | + + - - |
S | + - + - |
X | + - - - |
+号表示请求的锁可以满足。
-号表示请求的锁无法满足需要等待。
Scope锁等待锁和请求锁优先级矩阵
| Pending |
Request | scoped lock |
type | IS(*) IX S X |
---------+-----------------+
IS | + + + + |
IX | + + - - |
S | + + + - |
X | + + + + |
+号表示请求的锁可以满足。
-号表示请求的锁无法满足需要等待。
object上已持有锁和请求锁的兼容性矩阵如下。
Request | Granted requests for lock |
type | S SH SR SW SWLP SU SRO SNW SNRW X |
----------+---------------------------------------------+
S | + + + + + + + + + - |
SH | + + + + + + + + + - |
SR | + + + + + + + + - - |
SW | + + + + + + - - - - |
SWLP | + + + + + + - - - - |
SU | + + + + + - + - - - |
SRO | + + + - - + + + - - |
SNW | + + + - - - + - - - |
SNRW | + + - - - - - - - - |
X | - - - - - - - - - - |
object上等待锁和请求锁的优先级矩阵如下。
Request | Pending requests for lock |
type | S SH SR SW SWLP SU SRO SNW SNRW X |
----------+--------------------------------------------+
S | + + + + + + + + + - |
SH | + + + + + + + + + + |
SR | + + + + + + + + - - |
SW | + + + + + + + - - - |
SWLP | + + + + + + - - - - |
SU | + + + + + + + + + - |
SRO | + + + - + + + + - - |
SNW | + + + + + + + + + - |
SNRW | + + + + + + + + + - |
X | + + + + + + + + + + |
常用语句MDL锁加锁分析
使用performance_schema可以辅助分析加锁。利用下面语句打开MDL锁分析，可以看到在只有当前session访问的时候，SELECT语句对metadata_locks表加了TRANSACTION周期的SHARED_READ锁，即锁粒度、时间范围和锁类型分别为：TABLE, TRANSACTION, SHARED_READ，在代码位置sql_parse.cc:5996初始化锁。。后面的锁分析也按照锁粒度-时间范围-锁类型介绍。
UPDATE performance_schema.setup_consumers SET ENABLED = 'YES' WHERE NAME ='global_instrumentation';
UPDATE performance_schema.setup_instruments SET ENABLED = 'YES' WHERE NAME ='wait/lock/metadata/sql/mdl';
select * from performance_schema.metadata_locks\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
OBJECT_TYPE: TABLE
OBJECT_SCHEMA: performance_schema
OBJECT_NAME: metadata_locks
OBJECT_INSTANCE_BEGIN: 46995934864720
LOCK_TYPE: SHARED_READ
LOCK_DURATION: TRANSACTION
LOCK_STATUS: GRANTED
SOURCE: sql_parse.cc:5996
OWNER_THREAD_ID: 26
OWNER_EVENT_ID: 163
使用performance_schema很难完整分析语句执行中所有的加锁过程，可以借助gdb分析，在 MDL_context::acquire_lock设置断点。
下面会结合performance_schema和gdb分析常用语句的MDL加锁源码实现。
FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK
语句执行会加锁GLOBAL-EXPLICIT-SHARED和COMMIT-EXPLICIT-SHARED。
select * from performance_schema.metadata_locks\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
OBJECT_TYPE: GLOBAL
OBJECT_SCHEMA: NULL
OBJECT_NAME: NULL
OBJECT_INSTANCE_BEGIN: 46996001973424
LOCK_TYPE: SHARED
LOCK_DURATION: EXPLICIT
LOCK_STATUS: GRANTED
SOURCE: lock.cc:1110
OWNER_THREAD_ID: 27
OWNER_EVENT_ID: 92
*************************** 2. row ***************************
OBJECT_TYPE: COMMIT
OBJECT_SCHEMA: NULL
OBJECT_NAME: NULL
OBJECT_INSTANCE_BEGIN: 46996001973616
LOCK_TYPE: SHARED
LOCK_DURATION: EXPLICIT
LOCK_STATUS: GRANTED
SOURCE: lock.cc:1194
OWNER_THREAD_ID: 27
OWNER_EVENT_ID: 375
相关源码实现剖析。当FLUSH语句是FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK的时候，lex->type会添加REFRESH_TABLES和REFRESH_READ_LOCK标记，当没有指定表即进入reload_acl_and_cache函数，通过调用lock_global_read_lock和make_global_read_lock_block_commit加对应锁，通过对应的锁来阻止元数据修改和表数据更改。DDL语句执行时会请求GLOBAL的INTENTION_EXCLUSIVE锁，事务提交和外部XA需要记录binlog的语句执行会请求COMMIT的INTENTION_EXCLUSIVE锁。
sql/sql_yacc.yy
flush_options:
table_or_tables
{
Lex->type|= REFRESH_TABLES;
/*
Set type of metadata and table locks for
FLUSH TABLES table_list [WITH READ LOCK].
*/
YYPS->m_lock_type= TL_READ_NO_INSERT;
YYPS->m_mdl_type= MDL_SHARED_HIGH_PRIO;
}
opt_table_list {}
opt_flush_lock {}
| flush_options_list
;
opt_flush_lock:
/* empty */ {}
| WITH READ_SYM LOCK_SYM
{
TABLE_LIST *tables= Lex->query_tables;
Lex->type|= REFRESH_READ_LOCK;
sql/sql_parse.cc
...
case SQLCOM_FLUSH:
if (first_table && lex->type & REFRESH_READ_LOCK)//当指定表的时候，对指定表加锁。
{
if (flush_tables_with_read_lock(thd, all_tables))
}
...
if (!reload_acl_and_cache(thd, lex->type, first_table, &write_to_binlog))
sql/sql_reload.cc
reload_acl_and_cache
{
if (options & (REFRESH_TABLES | REFRESH_READ_LOCK))
{
if ((options & REFRESH_READ_LOCK) && thd)
{
...
if (thd->global_read_lock.lock_global_read_lock(thd))//当未指定表的时候，加全局锁
return 1;
...
if (thd->global_read_lock.make_global_read_lock_block_commit(thd))//当未指定表的时候，加COMMIT锁
}
//对GLOBAL加EXPLICIT的S锁。
sql/lock.cc
bool Global_read_lock::lock_global_read_lock(THD *thd)
{
...
MDL_REQUEST_INIT(&mdl_request,
MDL_key::GLOBAL, "", "", MDL_SHARED, MDL_EXPLICIT);
...
}
//对COMMIT加EXPLICIT的S锁。
bool Global_read_lock::make_global_read_lock_block_commit(THD *thd)
{
...
MDL_REQUEST_INIT(&mdl_request,
MDL_key::COMMIT, "", "", MDL_SHARED, MDL_EXPLICIT);
...
}
sql/handler.cc
事务提交和外部XA事务的commit\rollback\prepare均需要加COMMIT的IX锁.
int ha_commit_trans(THD *thd, bool all, bool ignore_global_read_lock)
{
...
if (rw_trans && !ignore_global_read_lock) //对于内部表slave status table的更新可以忽略global read lock
{
MDL_REQUEST_INIT(&mdl_request,
MDL_key::COMMIT, "", "", MDL_INTENTION_EXCLUSIVE,
MDL_EXPLICIT);
DBUG_PRINT("debug", ("Acquire MDL commit lock"));
if (thd->mdl_context.acquire_lock(&mdl_request,
thd->variables.lock_wait_timeout))
}
...
}
sql/xa.cc
bool Sql_cmd_xa_commit::trans_xa_commit(THD *thd)
{
...
MDL_request mdl_request;
MDL_REQUEST_INIT(&mdl_request,
MDL_key::COMMIT, "", "", MDL_INTENTION_EXCLUSIVE,
MDL_STATEMENT);
if (thd->mdl_context.acquire_lock(&mdl_request,
thd->variables.lock_wait_timeout))
...
}
bool Sql_cmd_xa_rollback::trans_xa_rollback(THD *thd)
{
...
MDL_request mdl_request;
MDL_REQUEST_INIT(&mdl_request,
MDL_key::COMMIT, "", "", MDL_INTENTION_EXCLUSIVE,
MDL_STATEMENT);
}
bool Sql_cmd_xa_prepare::trans_xa_prepare(THD *thd)
{
...
MDL_request mdl_request;
MDL_REQUEST_INIT(&mdl_request,
MDL_key::COMMIT, "", "", MDL_INTENTION_EXCLUSIVE,
MDL_STATEMENT);
}
//写入语句的执行和DDL执行需要GLOBAL的IX锁，这与S锁不兼容。
sql/sql_base.cc
bool open_table(THD *thd, TABLE_LIST *table_list, Open_table_context *ot_ctx)
{
if (table_list->mdl_request.is_write_lock_request() &&
{
MDL_request protection_request;
MDL_deadlock_handler mdl_deadlock_handler(ot_ctx);
if (thd->global_read_lock.can_acquire_protection())
DBUG_RETURN(TRUE);
MDL_REQUEST_INIT(&protection_request,
MDL_key::GLOBAL, "", "", MDL_INTENTION_EXCLUSIVE,
MDL_STATEMENT);
}
}
bool
lock_table_names(THD *thd,
TABLE_LIST *tables_start, TABLE_LIST *tables_end,
ulong lock_wait_timeout, uint flags)
{
if (need_global_read_lock_protection)
{
/*
Protect this statement against concurrent global read lock
by acquiring global intention exclusive lock with statement
duration.
*/
if (thd->global_read_lock.can_acquire_protection())
return true;
MDL_REQUEST_INIT(&global_request,
MDL_key::GLOBAL, "", "", MDL_INTENTION_EXCLUSIVE,
MDL_STATEMENT);
mdl_requests.push_front(&global_request);
}
}
LOCK TABLE t READ [LOCAL]
LOCK TABLE t READ LOCAL会加锁TABLE-TRANSACTION-SHARED_READ。
select * from performance_schema.metadata_locks\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
OBJECT_TYPE: TABLE
OBJECT_SCHEMA: test
OBJECT_NAME: t
LOCK_TYPE: SHARED_READ
LOCK_DURATION: TRANSACTION
LOCK_STATUS: GRANTED
SOURCE: sql_parse.cc:5996
LOCK TABLE t READ会加锁TABLE-TRANSACTION-SHARED_READ_ONLY。
select * from performance_schema.metadata_locks\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
OBJECT_TYPE: TABLE
OBJECT_SCHEMA: test
OBJECT_NAME: t
LOCK_TYPE: SHARED_READ_ONLY
LOCK_DURATION: TRANSACTION
LOCK_STATUS: GRANTED
SOURCE: sql_parse.cc:5996
这两个的区别是对于MyISAM引擎，LOCAL方式的加锁与insert写入不冲突，而没有LOCAL的时候SHARED_READ_ONLY会阻塞写入。不过对于InnoDB引擎两种方式是一样的，带有LOCAL的语句执行后面会升级为SHARED_READ_ONLY。
源码分析
table_lock:
table_ident opt_table_alias lock_option
{
thr_lock_type lock_type= (thr_lock_type) $3;
enum_mdl_type mdl_lock_type;
if (lock_type >= TL_WRITE_ALLOW_WRITE)
{
/* LOCK TABLE ... WRITE/LOW_PRIORITY WRITE */
mdl_lock_type= MDL_SHARED_NO_READ_WRITE;
}
else if (lock_type == TL_READ)
{
/* LOCK TABLE ... READ LOCAL */
mdl_lock_type= MDL_SHARED_READ;
}
else
{
/* LOCK TABLE ... READ */
mdl_lock_type= MDL_SHARED_READ_ONLY;
}
if (!Select->add_table_to_list(YYTHD, $1, $2, 0, lock_type,
mdl_lock_type))
MYSQL_YYABORT;
}
lock_option:
READ_SYM { $$= TL_READ_NO_INSERT; }
| WRITE_SYM { $$= TL_WRITE_DEFAULT; }
| LOW_PRIORITY WRITE_SYM
{
$$= TL_WRITE_LOW_PRIORITY;
push_deprecated_warn(YYTHD, "LOW_PRIORITY WRITE", "WRITE");
}
| READ_SYM LOCAL_SYM { $$= TL_READ; }
;
sql/sql_parse.cc
TABLE_LIST *st_select_lex::add_table_to_list(THD *thd,
Table_ident *table,
LEX_STRING *alias,
ulong table_options,
thr_lock_type lock_type,
enum_mdl_type mdl_type,
List<Index_hint> *index_hints_arg,
List<String> *partition_names,
LEX_STRING *option)
{
// Pure table aliases do not need to be locked:
if (!MY_TEST(table_options & TL_OPTION_ALIAS))
{
MDL_REQUEST_INIT(& ptr->mdl_request,
MDL_key::TABLE, ptr->db, ptr->table_name, mdl_type,
MDL_TRANSACTION);
}
}
//对于Innodb引擎
static bool lock_tables_open_and_lock_tables(THD *thd, TABLE_LIST *tables)
{
...
else if (table->lock_type == TL_READ &&
! table->prelocking_placeholder &&
table->table->file->ha_table_flags() & HA_NO_READ_LOCAL_LOCK)
{
/*
In case when LOCK TABLE ... READ LOCAL was issued for table with
storage engine which doesn't support READ LOCAL option and doesn't
use THR_LOCK locks we need to upgrade weak SR metadata lock acquired
in open_tables() to stronger SRO metadata lock.
This is not needed for tables used through stored routines or
triggers as we always acquire SRO (or even stronger SNRW) metadata
lock for them.
*/
bool result= thd->mdl_context.upgrade_shared_lock(
table->table->mdl_ticket,
MDL_SHARED_READ_ONLY,
thd->variables.lock_wait_timeout);
...
}
LOCK TABLE t WITH WRITE
LOCK TABLE t WITH WRITE会加锁：GLOBAL-STATEMENT-INTENTION_EXCLUSIVE，SCHEMA-TRANSACTION-INTENTION_EXCLUSIVE，TABLE-TRANSACTION-SHARED_NO_READ_WRITE。
select OBJECT_TYPE,OBJECT_SCHEMA,OBJECT_NAME,LOCK_TYPE,LOCK_DURATION,SOURCE from performance_schema.metadata_locks\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
OBJECT_TYPE: GLOBAL
OBJECT_SCHEMA: NULL
OBJECT_NAME: NULL
LOCK_TYPE: INTENTION_EXCLUSIVE
LOCK_DURATION: STATEMENT
SOURCE: sql_base.cc:5497
*************************** 2. row ***************************
OBJECT_TYPE: SCHEMA
OBJECT_SCHEMA: test
OBJECT_NAME: NULL
LOCK_TYPE: INTENTION_EXCLUSIVE
LOCK_DURATION: TRANSACTION
SOURCE: sql_base.cc:5482
*************************** 3. row ***************************
OBJECT_TYPE: TABLE
OBJECT_SCHEMA: test
OBJECT_NAME: ti
LOCK_TYPE: SHARED_NO_READ_WRITE
LOCK_DURATION: TRANSACTION
SOURCE: sql_parse.cc:5996
相关源码
bool
lock_table_names(THD *thd,
TABLE_LIST *tables_start, TABLE_LIST *tables_end,
ulong lock_wait_timeout, uint flags)
{
...
while ((table= it++))
{
MDL_request *schema_request= new (thd->mem_root) MDL_request;
if (schema_request == NULL)
return true;
MDL_REQUEST_INIT(schema_request,
MDL_key::SCHEMA, table->db, "",
MDL_INTENTION_EXCLUSIVE,
MDL_TRANSACTION);
mdl_requests.push_front(schema_request);
}
if (need_global_read_lock_protection)
{
/*
Protect this statement against concurrent global read lock
by acquiring global intention exclusive lock with statement
duration.
*/
if (thd->global_read_lock.can_acquire_protection())
return true;
MDL_REQUEST_INIT(&global_request,
MDL_key::GLOBAL, "", "", MDL_INTENTION_EXCLUSIVE,
MDL_STATEMENT);
mdl_requests.push_front(&global_request);
}
...
// Phase 3: Acquire the locks which have been requested so far.
if (thd->mdl_context.acquire_locks(&mdl_requests, lock_wait_timeout))
return true;
}
在open_table中也会请求锁。
SHARED_NO_READ_WRITE的加锁源码参考LOCK TABLE WITH READ的源码分析。
- SELECT查询语句的执行
SELECT语句的执行加锁TABLE-TRANSACTION-SHARED_READ锁。
select * from performance_schema.metadata_locks\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
OBJECT_TYPE: TABLE
OBJECT_SCHEMA: test
OBJECT_NAME: t1
LOCK_TYPE: SHARED_READ
LOCK_DURATION: TRANSACTION
LOCK_STATUS: GRANTED
SOURCE: sql_parse.cc:5996
源码分析：
class Yacc_state
{
void reset()
{
yacc_yyss= NULL;
yacc_yyvs= NULL;
yacc_yyls= NULL;
m_lock_type= TL_READ_DEFAULT;
m_mdl_type= MDL_SHARED_READ;
m_ha_rkey_mode= HA_READ_KEY_EXACT;
}
}
调用add_table_to_list初始化锁，调用open_table_get_mdl_lock获取锁。
static bool
open_table_get_mdl_lock(THD *thd, Open_table_context *ot_ctx,
TABLE_LIST *table_list, uint flags,
MDL_ticket **mdl_ticket)
{
bool result= thd->mdl_context.acquire_lock(mdl_request,
ot_ctx->get_timeout());
}
INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE语句
在open table阶段会获取GLOBAL-STATEMENT-INTENTION_EXCLUSIVE，TABLE-TRANSACTION-SHARED_WRITE。
在commit阶段获取COMMIT-MDL_EXPLICIT-INTENTION_EXCLUSIVE锁。
select OBJECT_TYPE,OBJECT_SCHEMA,OBJECT_NAME,LOCK_TYPE,LOCK_DURATION,SOURCE from performance_schema.metadata_locks\G
OBJECT_TYPE: GLOBAL
OBJECT_SCHEMA: NULL
OBJECT_NAME: NULL
LOCK_TYPE: INTENTION_EXCLUSIVE
LOCK_DURATION: STATEMENT
SOURCE: sql_base.cc:3190
*************************** 2. row ***************************
OBJECT_TYPE: TABLE
OBJECT_SCHEMA: test
OBJECT_NAME: ti
LOCK_TYPE: SHARED_WRITE
LOCK_DURATION: TRANSACTION
SOURCE: sql_parse.cc:5996
*************************** 3. row ***************************
OBJECT_TYPE: COMMIT
OBJECT_SCHEMA: NULL
OBJECT_NAME: NULL
LOCK_TYPE: INTENTION_EXCLUSIVE
LOCK_DURATION: EXPLICIT
SOURCE: handler.cc:1758
sql/sql_yacc.yy
insert_stmt:
INSERT /* #1 */
insert_lock_option /* #2 */
insert_lock_option:
/* empty */ { $$= TL_WRITE_CONCURRENT_DEFAULT; }
| LOW_PRIORITY { $$= TL_WRITE_LOW_PRIORITY; }
| DELAYED_SYM
{
$$= TL_WRITE_CONCURRENT_DEFAULT;
push_warning_printf(YYTHD, Sql_condition::SL_WARNING,
ER_WARN_LEGACY_SYNTAX_CONVERTED,
ER(ER_WARN_LEGACY_SYNTAX_CONVERTED),
"INSERT DELAYED", "INSERT");
}
| HIGH_PRIORITY { $$= TL_WRITE; }
;
//DELETE语句
delete_stmt:
DELETE_SYM
opt_delete_options
//UPDATE
update_stmt:
UPDATE_SYM /* #1 */
opt_low_priority /* #2 */
opt_ignore /* #3 */
join_table_list /* #4 */
SET /* #5 */
update_list /* #6 */
opt_low_priority:
/* empty */ { $$= TL_WRITE_DEFAULT; }
| LOW_PRIORITY { $$= TL_WRITE_LOW_PRIORITY; }
;
opt_delete_options:
/* empty */ { $$= 0; }
| opt_delete_option opt_delete_options { $$= $1 | $2; }
;
opt_delete_option:
QUICK { $$= DELETE_QUICK; }
| LOW_PRIORITY { $$= DELETE_LOW_PRIORITY; }
| IGNORE_SYM { $$= DELETE_IGNORE; }
;
sql/parse_tree_nodes.cc
bool PT_delete::add_table(Parse_context *pc, Table_ident *table)
{
...
const enum_mdl_type mdl_type=
(opt_delete_options& DELETE_LOW_PRIORITY) ? MDL_SHARED_WRITE_LOW_PRIO
: MDL_SHARED_WRITE;
...
}
bool PT_insert::contextualize(Parse_context *pc)
{
if (!pc->select->add_table_to_list(pc->thd, table_ident, NULL,
TL_OPTION_UPDATING,
yyps->m_lock_type,
yyps->m_mdl_type,
NULL,
opt_use_partition))
pc->select->set_lock_for_tables(lock_option);
}
bool PT_update::contextualize(Parse_context *pc)
{
pc->select->set_lock_for_tables(opt_low_priority);
}
void st_select_lex::set_lock_for_tables(thr_lock_type lock_type)
{
bool for_update= lock_type >= TL_READ_NO_INSERT;
enum_mdl_type mdl_type= mdl_type_for_dml(lock_type);
...
tables->mdl_request.set_type(mdl_type);
...
}
inline enum enum_mdl_type mdl_type_for_dml(enum thr_lock_type lock_type)
{
return lock_type >= TL_WRITE_ALLOW_WRITE ?
(lock_type == TL_WRITE_LOW_PRIORITY ?
MDL_SHARED_WRITE_LOW_PRIO : MDL_SHARED_WRITE) :
MDL_SHARED_READ;
}
最终调用open\_table加锁
bool open_table(THD *thd, TABLE_LIST *table_list, Open_table_context *ot_ctx)
{
if (table_list->mdl_request.is_write_lock_request() &&
...
{
MDL_REQUEST_INIT(&protection_request,
MDL_key::GLOBAL, "", "", MDL_INTENTION_EXCLUSIVE,
MDL_STATEMENT);
bool result= thd->mdl_context.acquire_lock(&protection_request,
ot_ctx->get_timeout());
}
...
if (open_table_get_mdl_lock(thd, ot_ctx, table_list, flags, &mdl_ticket) ||
...
}
在commit阶段调用ha_commit_trans函数时加COMMIT的INTENTION_EXCLUSIVE锁，源码如FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK所述。
如果INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE LOW_PRIORITY语句TABLE上加MDL_SHARED_WRITE_LOW_PRIO锁。
ALTER TABLE ALGORITHM=COPY[INPLACE]
ALTER TABLE ALGORITHM=COPY
COPY方式ALTER TABLE在open_table阶段加GLOBAL-STATEMENT-INTENTION_EXCLUSIVE锁，SCHEMA-TRANSACTION-INTENTION_EXCLUSIVE锁，TABLE-TRANSACTION-SHARED_UPGRADABLE锁。
在拷贝数据前将TABLE-TRANSACTION-SHARED_UPGRADABLE锁升级到SHARED_NO_WRITE。
拷贝完在交换表阶段将SHARED_NO_WRITE锁升级到EXCLUSIVE锁。
源码解析：
GLOBAL、SCHEMA锁初始化位置和LOCK TABLE WRITE位置一致都是在lock_table_names函数中。在open_table中也会请求锁。
sql/sql_yacc.yy
alter:
ALTER TABLE_SYM table_ident
{
THD *thd= YYTHD;
LEX *lex= thd->lex;
lex->name.str= 0;
lex->name.length= 0;
lex->sql_command= SQLCOM_ALTER_TABLE;
lex->duplicates= DUP_ERROR;
if (!lex->select_lex->add_table_to_list(thd, $3, NULL,
TL_OPTION_UPDATING,
TL_READ_NO_INSERT,
MDL_SHARED_UPGRADABLE))
bool mysql_alter_table(THD *thd, const char *new_db, const char *new_name,
HA_CREATE_INFO *create_info,
TABLE_LIST *table_list,
Alter_info *alter_info)
{
//升级锁
if (thd->mdl_context.upgrade_shared_lock(mdl_ticket, MDL_SHARED_NO_WRITE,
thd->variables.lock_wait_timeout)
|| lock_tables(thd, table_list, alter_ctx.tables_opened, 0))
...
if (wait_while_table_is_used(thd, table, HA_EXTRA_PREPARE_FOR_RENAME))
}
bool wait_while_table_is_used(THD *thd, TABLE *table,
enum ha_extra_function function)
{
DBUG_ENTER("wait_while_table_is_used");
DBUG_PRINT("enter", ("table: '%s' share: 0x%lx db_stat: %u version: %lu",
table->s->table_name.str, (ulong) table->s,
table->db_stat, table->s->version));
if (thd->mdl_context.upgrade_shared_lock(
table->mdl_ticket, MDL_EXCLUSIVE,
thd->variables.lock_wait_timeout))
ALTER TABLE INPLACE的加锁：
INPLACE方式在打开表的时候也是加GLOBAL-STATEMENT-INTENTION_EXCLUSIVE锁，SCHEMA-TRANSACTION-INTENTION_EXCLUSIVE锁，TABLE-TRANSACTION-SHARED_UPGRADABLE锁。
在prepare前将TABLE-TRANSACTION-SHARED_UPGRADABLE升级为TABLE-TRANSACTION-EXCLUSIVE锁。
在prepare后会再将EXCLUSIVE根据不同引擎支持情况降级为SHARED_NO_WRITE(不允许其他线程写入)或者SHARED_UPGRADABLE锁（其他线程可以读写，InnoDB引擎）。
在commit前，TABLE上的锁会再次升级到EXCLUSIVE锁。
sql/sql_table.cc
static bool mysql_inplace_alter_table(THD *thd,
TABLE_LIST *table_list,
TABLE *table,
TABLE *altered_table,
Alter_inplace_info *ha_alter_info,
enum_alter_inplace_result inplace_supported,
MDL_request *target_mdl_request,
Alter_table_ctx *alter_ctx)
{
...
else if (inplace_supported == HA_ALTER_INPLACE_SHARED_LOCK_AFTER_PREPARE ||
inplace_supported == HA_ALTER_INPLACE_NO_LOCK_AFTER_PREPARE)
{
/*
Storage engine has requested exclusive lock only for prepare phase
and we are not under LOCK TABLES.
Don't mark TABLE_SHARE as old in this case, as this won't allow opening
of table by other threads during main phase of in-place ALTER TABLE.
*/
if (thd->mdl_context.upgrade_shared_lock(table->mdl_ticket, MDL_EXCLUSIVE,
thd->variables.lock_wait_timeout))
...
if (table->file->ha_prepare_inplace_alter_table(altered_table,
ha_alter_info))
...
if ((inplace_supported == HA_ALTER_INPLACE_SHARED_LOCK_AFTER_PREPARE ||
inplace_supported == HA_ALTER_INPLACE_NO_LOCK_AFTER_PREPARE) &&
!(thd->locked_tables_mode == LTM_LOCK_TABLES ||
thd->locked_tables_mode == LTM_PRELOCKED_UNDER_LOCK_TABLES) &&
(alter_info->requested_lock != Alter_info::ALTER_TABLE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE))
{
/* If storage engine or user requested shared lock downgrade to SNW. */
if (inplace_supported == HA_ALTER_INPLACE_SHARED_LOCK_AFTER_PREPARE ||
alter_info->requested_lock == Alter_info::ALTER_TABLE_LOCK_SHARED)
table->mdl_ticket->downgrade_lock(MDL_SHARED_NO_WRITE);
else
{
DBUG_ASSERT(inplace_supported == HA_ALTER_INPLACE_NO_LOCK_AFTER_PREPARE);
table->mdl_ticket->downgrade_lock(MDL_SHARED_UPGRADABLE);
}
}
...
// Upgrade to EXCLUSIVE before commit.
if (wait_while_table_is_used(thd, table, HA_EXTRA_PREPARE_FOR_RENAME))
...
if (table->file->ha_commit_inplace_alter_table(altered_table,
ha_alter_info,
true))
}
CREATE TABLE 加锁
CREATE TABLE先加锁GLOBAL-STATEMENT-INTENTION_EXCLUSIVE，SCHEMA-MDL_TRANSACTION-INTENTION_EXCLUSIVE，TABLE-TRANSACTION-SHARED。
表不存在则升级表上的SHARED锁到EXCLUSIVE。
bool open_table(THD *thd, TABLE_LIST *table_list, Open_table_context *ot_ctx)
{
...
if (!exists)
{
...
bool wait_result= thd->mdl_context.upgrade_shared_lock(
table_list->mdl_request.ticket,
MDL_EXCLUSIVE,
thd->variables.lock_wait_timeout);
...
}
...
}
DROP TABLE 加锁
drop table语句执行加锁GLOBAL-STATEMENT-INTENTION_EXCLUSIVE，SCHEMA-MDL_TRANSACTION-INTENTION_EXCLUSIVE，TABLE-EXCLUSIVE。
drop:
DROP opt_temporary table_or_tables if_exists
{
LEX *lex=Lex;
lex->sql_command = SQLCOM_DROP_TABLE;
lex->drop_temporary= $2;
lex->drop_if_exists= $4;
YYPS->m_lock_type= TL_UNLOCK;
YYPS->m_mdl_type= MDL_EXCLUSIVE;
}
如果想知道具体某个表的权限，代码里查一下就清楚了。所以其实 performance_schema 中 table 的权限都是写死在代码里的（显然 super 用户也无能为力）。
